which are the components that are damaged more frequently?

Giovanni Riva, that all will depend on what type of damage and what model device. Water damage can most certainly ruin most components on any board. It will depend on if it was powered on or off when it susrained the damage. Of course, current carrying components will shorten out quickest. That is the reason for not turning on the device and to remove the battery. Dropped damage will most certainly damage the LCD's, the battery, crack the logic board, and tear the cables. As you can see it all depends....:-)