Cannot charging my phone

Cable problems are fairly rare; it's not that they don't go bad, but it's uncommon. Since the port itself is subject to wear and stress, it's far more common to be the problem than the cable is. Of course, it could be worth your time to unplug the board that the charging port is mounted on and check the connectors on each end of the cable; either one could be the culprit, but since those connectors are held down securely by brackets, it's extremely rare for those to come unplugged.

All in all, your best bet is to replace the charging port itself. Since it's mounted on a separate card, it's fairly easy and cheap to replace. Sorry to say iFixit doesn't have a guide to that repair, but the Spanish site Nadie Me Llama Gallina has just what you need.

Manuales / Xiaomi Redmi Note 10 Pro / Auxiliary board - Nadie Me Llama Gallina

I'd start there, and if that doesn't fix the problem then you could try replacing the interconnect cable that runs between the motherboard and the daughter card. After that, the only other part that's going to help would be the battery. Once you've exhausted those possibilities, the charging system on the motherboard is all that's left, so you'd have to find either a replacement board or find a shop experienced in board level repairs to try and fix it.